My Enthusiasm for Management Sudies - 1339 Words

My enthusiasm for Management studies is fairly self-explanatory: people, throughout life, will either manage or be managed. In both situations management skills are essential. The study, at high school level, of modules such as business economics, organizational behaviour and marketing has helped me to develop a stronger grasp of management fundamentals. In the US, during a six-month International Exchange Programme at the Sun Prairie High School in Wisconsin, I took a Business course, which sparked an interest in the field. Overall, I acquired knowledge related to organizational roles and responsibilities of businesses in society, including the services offered by banks and other financial institutions. In a team, I analysed business†¦show more content†¦This valuable experience abroad will undoubtedly give me a broader perspective of the business world. I feel that I would like to continue to study outside my home country – specifically the UK – which is now poised for economic recovery. Indeed, studying in the UK, the pioneer in business related theories, would plunge me into a stimulating and challenging environment. The UK represents the ideal place for a Management student, to develop a further capability (not only theoretical, but also practical) of negotiating with different countries and cultures. Learning new ways of approaching issues would be extremely beneficial to me. More precisely, learning skills specific to the UK, such as British Business Law or the features of the domestic financial system, would come as a very valuable addition to my education. The UK university system is very different from the Italian system and is far more interactive. One of the key features that also really impresses me is the career guidance service offered by UK institutions along with careers events, career planning and job search support, which allow students to transition more easily from education to employment. I would also relish the opportunity of building my academic portfolio by mixing the participation in lectures and tutorials with essay writing and research. Finally, I would welcome the opportunity of getting involved

Descartes Proof for the Existence of God Essay - 3414 Words

Descartes Proof for the Existence of God Many readers follow Descartes with fascination and pleasure as he descends into the pit of skepticism in the first two Meditations, defeats the skeptics by finding the a version of the cogito, his nature, and that of bodies, only to find them selves baffled and repulsed when they come to his proof for the existence of God in Meditation III. In large measure this change of attitude results from a number of factors. One is that the proof is complicated in ways which the earlier discourse is not. Second is that the complications include the use of scholastic machinery for which the reader is generally quite unprepared -- including such doctrines as a Cartesian version of the Great Chain of†¦show more content†¦Using his methods of Doubt and Analysis he has systematically examined all his beliefs and set aside those which he could call into doubt until he reach ed one belief which he could not doubt -- that the evil genius seeking to deceive him could not deceive him into thinki ng that he did not exist when in fact he did exist. Having determined for certain that he exists, by a second application of the method s of Doubt and Analysis he has also determined that his essence is to be a thinking thing. And by yet a third application of these methods, he has also determined that the essence of matter (which can only be known by the mind) is to be flexible, changea ble and extended (if there is any such thing as matter). This is where things stand at the end of Meditation II. At the beginning of Meditation III, Descartes makes yet more progress, he comes up with a criterion of certainty. By examining the truths which he discovered in the course of his second meditation, he decides that all of them have in common the proper ties of being clear and distinct. Thus, he claims So, I now seem to be able to lay it down as a general rule that whatever I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true. He notes an objection to this claim, which is that he had previous ly accepted as evident things which turned out to be doubtful. For example he apprehended the earth, the sky and the stars with the senses, and sawShow MoreRelatedDescartes Proof Of The Existence Of God1609 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most important ideas upon which Descartes’s proof of the existence of God rests is that rational minds face constraints. While God is the absolute infinite, humans and other beings exist with limitations on their actions. One of these limitations is human inte llect, which Descartes names as one component of the cause of our tendency toward error as humans. The finite nature of human intellect, he argues, combines with an infinite will which causes us to seek an understanding of phenomenaRead MoreEssay on Descartes Proof For The Existence Of God1543 Words   |  7 Pages Descartes Proof for the Existence of God The purpose of my essay will be to examine Descartes’ argument for the existence of God. First, I will review Descartes’ proof for the existence of God. Then I will examine the reasons that Descartes has for proving God’s existence. I will also discuss some consequences that appear as a result of God’s existence. Finally, I will point out some complications and problems that exist within the proof. The basic problem with most religions in the world hasRead MoreDescartes Proof for the Existence of God Essay example1562 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes Proof for the Existence of God The purpose of my essay will be to examine Descartes argument for the existence of God. First, I will review Descartes proof for the existence of God. Then I will examine the reasons that Descartes has for proving Gods existence. I will also discuss some consequences that appear as a result of Gods existence. Finally, I will point out some complications and problems that exist within the proof. The basic problem with most religions inRead MoreDescartes First Proof of The Existence of God Essays1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe 17th century philosopher Rene Descartes believed that God exists. His proof of an all perfect being’s existence was explained by having an idea of God that had to have been caused by God. But simply having an idea of God is not enough for there to necessarily exist such a being. This paper will critically examine Descartes’s causal argument though its premises and conclusion. Descartes makes an attempt to prove God’s existence throughout his third meditation. In his first premise he statesRead MoreComparing Socrates And Descartes On The Proof Of Existence Of God1759 Words   |  8 PagesComparison between Socrates and Descartes on the proof of existence of God. Socrates is who established ancient philosophy with Plato and Aristotle. His philosophy effects Western system of philosophy. He was born BC 470 in Athens and his father was a sculptor and his mother was midwife. He focuses teaching other people that philosophical argument in his life. He doesn’t want material for teaching because he doesn’t have material greed. His goals are verifying the oracle, question our belief, andRead MoreDescartes Proof of the Existence of God in Meditation Three Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Proof of the Existence of God in Meditation Three This paper is intended to explain and evaluate Descartes proof for the existence of god in Meditation Three. It shall show the weaknesses in the proof, but also give credit to the strengths in his proof. It will give a background of what Descartes has already accepted as what he truly knows. The paper will also state Descartes two major points for the existence of God and why the points can easily be proven false. The paper willRead More Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essayRead MoreDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his ownRead MoreEssay about A Very Brief History on the Existence of God 1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe subsequent essay will provide a brief overview on the existence of God from Renà © Descartes through Immanuel Kant. First, section (1), examines Descartes’ proof for the existence of God. Section (2), explores G.W. Leibniz’s view on God’s existence in addition to his attempts to rectify the shortcomings of Descartes’ proofs. Before continuing, it is imperative to understand that both Descartes and Leibniz believed that th e existence of God could be proved via reason. The remainder of the essayRead MoreDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Instructions: First: Analyze and evaluate the two proofs of Gods existence. How are they different? Is one more convincing than the other? Why did Descartes think he needed two proofs? Do they do different work for him? And secondly: Does Descartes give a satisfactory account of human error, given a perfect and divine creator? Are Descartes arguments convincing, or does it still seem unnecessary and less than perfect that God created us with

What Is Physical Abuse Essay Free Essays

Her head was pounding from the sudden blow. Blood was running down the side her face as she began to remember. He had tormented her, degraded her feelings, and took away her financial stability. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Physical Abuse Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She felt forever trapped as she was the only one to witness such vile acts. â€Å"There is no one here to see this. There is no one here to save me from what happens inside these walls† she whispered, voice cracking. Victims like this must go through the injustice of not being able to feel safe in their own home or even their own skin. Whether it be inflicting harm for the victim through physical abuse, toying with their emotions through emotional abuse, or financially controlling them through financial abuse, abusers find ways for many women to suffer from domestic abuse in their daily lives. Physical abuse is one of the many aspects of domestic abuse. This type of abuse is most known as it can be seen with one’s own eyes. However, physical abuse doesn’t always have to happen on the victim. In many cases, physical abuse can happen somewhere near the victim. It shows that â€Å"When a partner is violent near or around you, doing things like punching a hole in the wall, the message is ‘Next time this could be your head'† (Carlson 146). Numerous amounts of people will brush off the incident and believe that it will not mean anything in the future but this sort of act can escalate quickly and leave the victim in shambles. If this message is given, the abuser is releasing their anger on an object physically and it will not be long before the abuser directs their anger on their victim – the one who caused their distress. Once they direct their anger on the victim, it can lead to extreme violence that the victim is not capable of keeping under control. Sam is a victim who had been physically abused herself. She speaks out about one of the stories of her journey with physical abuse: I was at home and I cooked his dinner†¦he came home when the food was on the table. He was like ‘Oh, it’s too cold,’ so I put it in the microwave and warmed it up. I gave it to him and he said it was too hot†¦and you start to get this worried feeling like ‘It’s going to happen. He’s going to hurt me.’ He threw the plate and smashed it against my head and he started beating me up and kicking me on the floor and punching. (Sam?) This is an example of severe physical abuse. Here, the abuser takes a typical, simple misunderstanding and exaggerates it until it reaches its full capacity. In most cases, those who are in healthy relationships would be able to work this out without it becoming physical. The victim shows that she has the constant worry of not wanting to go against the abuser’s needs. Thus, they are always tip toeing around the abuser and the second they do something even the slightest bit wrong, it becomes another heated fight. This instance is just one glimpse of what a day in the life of a physically abused partner must go through. There are always other cases. Some outcomes of physical abuse could even be fatal. This is one of the more extreme cases of physical abuse. It should be known that â€Å"One woman is fatally shot by a spouse, ex-spouse, or dating partner every 14 hours† (â€Å"NCADV†). Many do not understand the significance of homicide in physical abuse and do not link this importance to the fact that it still happens. This statistic shows that those who are in domestic abuse relationships are at a very high risk of being killed by their significant other. How to cite What Is Physical Abuse Essay, Essays

Psychology Data Interpretation for Lab Report -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePsychology Data Interpretation for Lab Report. Answer: Lab Report Plan: The lab report plan includes research planning; five peers reviewed by journal articles, clearly stated hypotheses and their testing results and finally predicted relationship between several variables. Our research plot includes the aim to analyze the descriptive summary, scatter plot among several variables, correlation coefficient between variables and individual index rating of the variables. Our five peer reviewed by journal articles is given with relevant to the topic. We are going to provide clearly stated five null hypotheses that are tested in the assignment. Cross Cultural Differences:- The dataset involves the dataset of 312 students and the factors are Gender, Age, Nationality, Individualism Rating, Idiocentric score, Group score and Allocentric score. The responses were chosen according to group, idiocentric and allocentric self-references. The different scores were highlighted by the individualism rating appeared in the questionnaire. As predicted by the analyzed data, students from collectivist culture generate significantly more idiocentric and group descriptions than the students from individualist cultures of different nationality. The data backs up a pan cultural model in which cross-cultural variability in the self-concept are not marked as categorically different. However, it would reflect the relative ethics of the constituent components. Cross-cultural studies of self-concept remain to be an interest to the psychologists. Psychological factors in Asia and Asia-Pacific Island cultures have constructed the more relational, collectivistic or socio-centric ideas in these cultures with more individualistic and idiocentric ideas of Western concepts (Lonner, 2013). Psychologists argue that the individuality is a cultural construction (Guchner, 1994). We could expect significant cultural differences associated with the gender and age in the different nationality. Cross-cultural studies and concepts in a sampled limited range of cultures depend on the data measures. Explanatory variables are hypothesized to predict cross cultural effects and cultural differences in inter-nations (Mezulis et al., 2014). The report addresses the limitations while testing three theoretical ratios on cultural differences in self content. The psychologists have identified the existence of adaptive significance in combination with the aspects of all cultures. We expect that the people of all cultures infer the variables as part of individuality. Trait psychology dimensions would support in all cultures described in terms of trait attributes and variables with at least moderate frequency (Shiraev and Levy, 2014). Cultural psychologists view socially constructed variables across cultures. We tested alternative theoretical hypotheses successfully on cultural differences in the context of cross-cultural equivalence. The titles of reviewed journal articles those are relevant to the topic: Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Pearson. The article provides us the idea about what types of psychological data variables and factors could be. Statistics explained. Routledge. The article suggests us about what are the different measures of descriptive statistics (such as mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, 2-tail test). Tests of statistical significance. The article helps us to test the statistical significance of two-tailed test. Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS. John Wiley Sons. We got the idea about how inference could be drawn from scatter plots of SPSS. Cross-cultural psychology. In Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions - This article helped us to develop ideas about cross-cultural psychology and their relevance with data attributes. Aim of the study report: The objective of the study report is to find the correlation coefficient between different psychological indexes and find out the inferences. We can have a clear report of nation wise and gender wise variation of psychological indexes. The report would help to provide the necessary measures and steps concluded from the findings. Hypotheses: Tests of Hypothesis: The five hypotheses given in the report are Percentage ratio of different genders according to the nationality is equal. Averages of different ratios (Idiocentric, group and Allocentric ratio) are equal. Correlation between Individual ratings and Idocentric statement Scores is zero. The relationship between Individual ratings and Group statement Scores is zero. Correlation between Individual ratings and Allocentric Scores is zero. Inferences from Hypothesis: The descriptive summary of the gender indicates that female category has maximum and others category has minimum frequency and percentage (Mayers, 2013). The descriptive summary of 312 participants provided data concludes that Australia has maximum frequency (157) and hence percentage (50.3) of nationality. Singapore is preceding Australia with frequency (83) and the percentage (26.6). In case of Individual rating, the highest individual rating is 91 among 312 participants with the frequency 3. The individual rating (90) has maximum frequency (157). Surprisingly, 92 (second highest frequency) students provided vary poor individual rating of 20. The age summary of 312 individuals show that the minimum age of a student is 17 and maximum is 56. Mean and standard deviation of age are respectively 23.657 and 5.9781. Similarly, descriptive statistic of idiocentric, Group and Allocentric ratios interpret that both the mean and standard deviation is highest in idiocentric ratio and least in allocentric ratio. The maximum and minimum values are also higher and lower in the same two ratios respectively (Mayers et al., 2013). With the help of scatter plots, we infer that - Individual rating and Idiocentric ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.454. Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is positive and moderate. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Individual rating and Group ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = (-0.29). Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is negative and weak. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Individual rating and Allocentric ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = (-0.401). Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is negative and moderate. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Relevant Information for Selection of Method: Participants: The columns of the dataset tell about the data of 312 participants. They all are the students of Murodoch University in Australia. Among them 218 are females, 90 are males and 4 are others. They have delivered their gender, age, nationality and individualism rating of their nationality. Materials: The used materials of the report are presented in the list of references. Procedure: The procedure is simple and easy. Firstly, we find out descriptive statistic, frequency and relative frequency table, percentage calculation of the variables like gender, nationality and individualism ratings. Next, we calculate the descriptive statistics and summary measures such as minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of Age, Idiocentric ratio, Group ratio and Allocentric ratio (Hinton, 2014). We could compare mean of different types of ratio. We created a scatter plot and correlation between of Individualism ratio and Idiocentric ratio, Individual rating and Group score, Individual rating and Allocentric ratio. Persons coefficient of correlation (r) is deciding the significance of effects between all relationships. References: Bochner, S. (1994). Cross-cultural differences in the self concept: A test of Hofstede's individualism/collectivism distinction.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,25(2), 273-283. Hinton, P. R. (2014).Statistics explained. Routledge. Lonner, W. J. (2013). Cross-cultural psychology. In Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions (pp. 561-564). Springer Netherlands.. Mayers, A. (2013).Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Pearson. Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. C., Guarino, A. J. (2013).Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS. John Wiley Sons. Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., Hankin, B. L. (2014). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias.Psychological bulletin,130(5), 711. Shiraev, E., Levy, D. A. (2014). Cross-cultural psychology. Pearson Education Limited

Psychology Data Interpretation for Lab Report -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePsychology Data Interpretation for Lab Report. Answer: Lab Report Plan: The lab report plan includes research planning; five peers reviewed by journal articles, clearly stated hypotheses and their testing results and finally predicted relationship between several variables. Our research plot includes the aim to analyze the descriptive summary, scatter plot among several variables, correlation coefficient between variables and individual index rating of the variables. Our five peer reviewed by journal articles is given with relevant to the topic. We are going to provide clearly stated five null hypotheses that are tested in the assignment. Cross Cultural Differences:- The dataset involves the dataset of 312 students and the factors are Gender, Age, Nationality, Individualism Rating, Idiocentric score, Group score and Allocentric score. The responses were chosen according to group, idiocentric and allocentric self-references. The different scores were highlighted by the individualism rating appeared in the questionnaire. As predicted by the analyzed data, students from collectivist culture generate significantly more idiocentric and group descriptions than the students from individualist cultures of different nationality. The data backs up a pan cultural model in which cross-cultural variability in the self-concept are not marked as categorically different. However, it would reflect the relative ethics of the constituent components. Cross-cultural studies of self-concept remain to be an interest to the psychologists. Psychological factors in Asia and Asia-Pacific Island cultures have constructed the more relational, collectivistic or socio-centric ideas in these cultures with more individualistic and idiocentric ideas of Western concepts (Lonner, 2013). Psychologists argue that the individuality is a cultural construction (Guchner, 1994). We could expect significant cultural differences associated with the gender and age in the different nationality. Cross-cultural studies and concepts in a sampled limited range of cultures depend on the data measures. Explanatory variables are hypothesized to predict cross cultural effects and cultural differences in inter-nations (Mezulis et al., 2014). The report addresses the limitations while testing three theoretical ratios on cultural differences in self content. The psychologists have identified the existence of adaptive significance in combination with the aspects of all cultures. We expect that the people of all cultures infer the variables as part of individuality. Trait psychology dimensions would support in all cultures described in terms of trait attributes and variables with at least moderate frequency (Shiraev and Levy, 2014). Cultural psychologists view socially constructed variables across cultures. We tested alternative theoretical hypotheses successfully on cultural differences in the context of cross-cultural equivalence. The titles of reviewed journal articles those are relevant to the topic: Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Pearson. The article provides us the idea about what types of psychological data variables and factors could be. Statistics explained. Routledge. The article suggests us about what are the different measures of descriptive statistics (such as mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, 2-tail test). Tests of statistical significance. The article helps us to test the statistical significance of two-tailed test. Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS. John Wiley Sons. We got the idea about how inference could be drawn from scatter plots of SPSS. Cross-cultural psychology. In Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions - This article helped us to develop ideas about cross-cultural psychology and their relevance with data attributes. Aim of the study report: The objective of the study report is to find the correlation coefficient between different psychological indexes and find out the inferences. We can have a clear report of nation wise and gender wise variation of psychological indexes. The report would help to provide the necessary measures and steps concluded from the findings. Hypotheses: Tests of Hypothesis: The five hypotheses given in the report are Percentage ratio of different genders according to the nationality is equal. Averages of different ratios (Idiocentric, group and Allocentric ratio) are equal. Correlation between Individual ratings and Idocentric statement Scores is zero. The relationship between Individual ratings and Group statement Scores is zero. Correlation between Individual ratings and Allocentric Scores is zero. Inferences from Hypothesis: The descriptive summary of the gender indicates that female category has maximum and others category has minimum frequency and percentage (Mayers, 2013). The descriptive summary of 312 participants provided data concludes that Australia has maximum frequency (157) and hence percentage (50.3) of nationality. Singapore is preceding Australia with frequency (83) and the percentage (26.6). In case of Individual rating, the highest individual rating is 91 among 312 participants with the frequency 3. The individual rating (90) has maximum frequency (157). Surprisingly, 92 (second highest frequency) students provided vary poor individual rating of 20. The age summary of 312 individuals show that the minimum age of a student is 17 and maximum is 56. Mean and standard deviation of age are respectively 23.657 and 5.9781. Similarly, descriptive statistic of idiocentric, Group and Allocentric ratios interpret that both the mean and standard deviation is highest in idiocentric ratio and least in allocentric ratio. The maximum and minimum values are also higher and lower in the same two ratios respectively (Mayers et al., 2013). With the help of scatter plots, we infer that - Individual rating and Idiocentric ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.454. Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is positive and moderate. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Individual rating and Group ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = (-0.29). Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is negative and weak. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Individual rating and Allocentric ratio: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = (-0.401). Significance (2-tailed) = 0. Correlaion is negative and moderate. These two values have significant relationship with each other at 10% confidence level. Relevant Information for Selection of Method: Participants: The columns of the dataset tell about the data of 312 participants. They all are the students of Murodoch University in Australia. Among them 218 are females, 90 are males and 4 are others. They have delivered their gender, age, nationality and individualism rating of their nationality. Materials: The used materials of the report are presented in the list of references. Procedure: The procedure is simple and easy. Firstly, we find out descriptive statistic, frequency and relative frequency table, percentage calculation of the variables like gender, nationality and individualism ratings. Next, we calculate the descriptive statistics and summary measures such as minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of Age, Idiocentric ratio, Group ratio and Allocentric ratio (Hinton, 2014). We could compare mean of different types of ratio. We created a scatter plot and correlation between of Individualism ratio and Idiocentric ratio, Individual rating and Group score, Individual rating and Allocentric ratio. Persons coefficient of correlation (r) is deciding the significance of effects between all relationships. References: Bochner, S. (1994). Cross-cultural differences in the self concept: A test of Hofstede's individualism/collectivism distinction.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,25(2), 273-283. Hinton, P. R. (2014).Statistics explained. Routledge. Lonner, W. J. (2013). Cross-cultural psychology. In Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions (pp. 561-564). Springer Netherlands.. Mayers, A. (2013).Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Pearson. Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. C., Guarino, A. J. (2013).Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS. John Wiley Sons. Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., Hankin, B. L. (2014). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias.Psychological bulletin,130(5), 711. Shiraev, E., Levy, D. A. (2014). Cross-cultural psychology. Pearson Education Limited

The Brain on Music Essay Example For Students

The Brain on Music Essay Psychology of Music Music is a form of art that utilizes sound and silence. People listen to music every day as a means of filling in silence or passing time. It may seem as though music and science exist in two separate planes; one of beauty and emotions, and the other of logic and reason. In recent years however, studies have found that music has a profound effect on the mind and human psychology. Music affects many different areas of the brain, and plays a vital role brain function as well as our lives. Music exists in every culture, and seems to be a part of much of our biological irritate. Previous texts on music and emotion have focused on the emotional responses of an individual when he or she was exposed to music; however it is much more that that; it can be seen as a very social attribute to our humanity. Consider social events such as weddings, birthdays, and graduations, as well as social settings such as clubs, pubs, and festivals. The influence of a social setting on the emotional responses to music needs to be considered. We will write a custom essay on The Brain on Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Research has largely ignored the influence of social factors on emotions, which is unfortunate because music is associated with many social aspects of everyday life. Empirical studies show support for a social bonding hypothesis, in which Joint musical activities can improve pro- social and cooperative behavior. Music also heavily influences the fluctuation of human emotions. Emotions, according to Scorchers Component Process Model (2004), are triggered by a cognitive evaluation process that possesses three components: physiological arousal, motor expression, and subjective feelings. We can usually sense the tone of a piece of music, note if it is particularly happy or sad. This is not Just a subjective idea that comes from how music makes us feel; our brains actually respond differently to happy and sad music. A study conducted by Madhya Legendary and Goodbye Apothecary of the University of London (2009) showed that after hearing a short piece of music, participants were more likely to interpret a neutral expression as happy or sad, to match the tone of the music they heard. Studies have shown that music can improve the attention span and strength of an individual. In 2007, a research team from the Stanford University School of Medicine aimed valuable insight to how the brain sorts out all the external stimulus of the environment around it. Using brain images of people listening to short symphonies by random 18th century composers, the team showed that music engages the areas of the brain involved in paying attention, making predictions, and updating memory. What was interesting was that peak brain activity occurred during short periods of silence between musical movements, when nothing was happening. The team used music to help study the brains attempt to make sense of the continual flow of information the real world generates, a process called event segmentation. The brain breaks down information into meaningful segments by extracting information about beginnings, endings, and boundaries between events. The researchers concluded that the changes in brain activity seen in the MR. scans reflected the brains evolving responses to different phases of a symphony. The study The Brain on Music By deem brain over a period of time, and the process of listening to music could be a way the brain sharpens its ability to anticipate events and sustain attention. This aspect of music also helps develop the motivational drivers, which not only unifies attention but also motivation. Research on the effects of music during exercise has been done for years. In 1911, American researcher Leonard Ares found that cyclists pedaled faster while listening to music than they did in silence. .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .postImageUrl , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:hover , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:visited , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:active { border:0!important; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:active , .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27ab0c8983eca6731ba9aade964f0bef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Beatles Influence EssayThis happens because listening to music activates selective motivation, which in turn drowns out the brains cries of fatigue. When the body realizes that it is tried, it sends signals to the brain to stop and rest. Listening to music competes for the brains attention and can override those signals of fatigue. A recent study conducted in 2012 wowed that cyclists who listened to music required 7% less oxygen to do the same workout as those who cycled in silence. In the same way that exercising makes people happier through the release of endorphins, it is not surprising that music adds significantly to the exercise. Music train can also significantly improve motor control and reasoning skills. In 2008, researchers Marie Forged (Harvard Medical Center) and Ellen Winner (Boston College), conducted a study in which they investigated the association between instrumental music training during childhood and the outcomes closely related to USIA training. The study showed that children who had three years or more musical instrument training performed better than those who did not learn an instrument in auditory discrimination abilities and fine motor skills. They also tested better on vocabulary and nonverbal reasoning skills, which involve understanding and analyzing visual information, such as identifying relationships, similarities, and differences between shapes and patterns. The last two areas of study in particular are quite removed from musical training, so it was an interesting to find that learning o play an instrument could help children with such a wide variety of important skills. A similar study proved that in addition to shaping specific skills related to mental function, the effects of music and music training on the brain has a profound effect on overall cognitive development. The experiment, conducted by Dry. Helen Manville of the University (2004), tested the hypothesis that music training causes improvements in several diverse aspects of cognition, and that one way music training produces these effects is by improving attention. Learning music requires focused attention, abstract relational thinking, and fluid intelligence, or executive control. The findings in the research study suggested that if given strong attention cues, children as young as three years old can selectively analyze auditory information. It was reported that the children in the study who received music and visual arts training display a larger improvement on standardized tests of reading and arithmetic than children receiving the standard curriculum. Music is not Just the organization of sound with rhythm, melody, and tempo. It is the social foundation of humanity, and an essential part of human mental velveteen.

Make the Most of Your Tactile Learning Style

Make the Most of Your Tactile Learning Style According to some educational theorists, there are as many as nine different types of intelligence and multiple styles of learning. Tactile or kinesthetic learners are those who learn through experiencing and doing things. How Tactile Learners Learn Tactile learners like to experience the world and act out events. To remember a phone number, tactile learners may remember the pattern of their fingers as they  press the numbers on a phone or keypad. Tactile learners can remember complicated directions once theyve acted them out. Look over these traits to see if they sound familiar to you. You may be a tactile learner if you are someone who: Is good at sportsCan’t sit still for longIs not great at spellingDoes not have great handwritingLikes science labStudies with loud music onLikes adventure books, moviesLikes role-playingTakes breaks when studyingBuilds modelsIs involved in martial arts or danceIs fidgety during lectures Challenges for Tactile Learners Because tactile learners learn best through movement, they may become bored more quickly than other students while listening to a class lecture. They may also find it difficult to focus on long lectures, write extended essays, or read for extended periods of time. Study Tips for Tactile Learners An active study is good for every student. But it is especially important for the tactile learner to use active study strategies when preparing for a school exam. Tactile learners need to be actively involved as they receive and process new information. Kinesthetic learners can benefit from: Studying in short blocks of timeRole-playingTaking lab classesTaking field trips or visiting museumsStudying with othersUsing memory gamesUsing flashcards to memorizeUsing a smart pen for taking notes. A smartpen records audio content that takes place while the student is taking notes. That means that students can go back to review class notes and listen to any lecture that took place as the student recorded notes.Acting out the topics, stories, and subjects they study. For example, activities like reacting to the past enable students to immerse themselves in the topics and experience subjects they study.   Tactile learners may choose to use the Journey Method for memorizing new information (mentally placing concepts in a location). Learning games and group activities are good tactics for the tactile learner. The more active this student can be during study time, the more information that study is likely to retain. When preparing for an exam of any type, the tactile learner should practice writing a test essay (make up your own essay questions). Write the first essay using the textbook as a guide, then practice the essay several times in preparation for test day. Opportunities for Tactile Learners Certain types of classes are likely to appeal to tactile learners. For example, tactile learners will thrive in the sciences that include a lab experience. They are also likely to do well in classes that combine hands-on and conceptual learning such as: Culinary artsHome economicsEarly childhood developmentTheater or other performing artsVisual arts (sculpture, for example)Engineering If you are a tactile learner in a high school or college setting, consider choosing electives or a major that makes the most of your strengths.

Conflict of interest in social work policy Case Study

Conflict of interest in social work policy - Case Study Example As social workers strive to maintain the expected professional and personal ethics, they face challenges when handling ethical dilemmas. Usually, there are times when there is an evident conflict between policy and practice and social workers are compelled to make critical decisions when handling such conflicts. The code of ethics is critical in establishing certain ethical standards that define the social work profession. This paper will consider conflicts of interest as one of the ethical standards governing the conduct of social workers. It will present instances of unethical social work behavior and present scenarios whereby there is evident conflict between policy and practice. In such situations, social workers are expected to depict a professional demeanor, and this will be discussed in the paper. According to the code of ethics that social workers rely on for guidelines of their professional behavior, it is evident that they should stay clear from conflicts of interest that compromise their professional discretion motivating them to exhibit partial judgments. Social workers are required to recognize any occurrence of a conflict of interest that may arise between them and their clients and take the necessary steps to address the conflict of interest. Notably, it is the role of the social worker to protect the interests of the client. In serious cases when a conflict of interest arises between a social worker and a client, the situation compels the social worker to terminate the professional relationship (Congress, 2001). After the termination of the professional relationship, the social worker may refer the client to a colleague. These ethical standards also forbid social workers from using professional relationships with clients to promote their interests, whether personal, political, and business or religion. In addition, it is unethical for social workers develop dual or multiple

Leadership Factors Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Factors - Assignment Example I do not believe that the authentic leadership questionnaire is really valid because the answers are too subjective to provide a real understanding of one’s leadership style. Description of My Scores My scores on the Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ) are as follows: Self-awareness, 13; Internalized moral perspective 17; Balanced processing, 10; Relational transparency 10; with a total of 50. According to Northouse (2013) all of these scores show weakness as an authentic leader when tallied individually. However, when the scores are added together, the final score falls within the high range (Walumbwa and Associates, 2012). When I look at these scores individually and the questions that were added together to create the score, I cannot say that these scores represent me or anyone as an authentic leader. According to Tobias (2011) the area of self-awareness is to measure the personal insights that a leader has and whether they understand their strengths and weaknesses. I scored a 13 in this area but I thought this was not a good indication of my ability. As an example, one of the numbers that determined this measure was number nine which read, â€Å"I seek feedback as a way of understanding who I really am as a person.† If someone seeks feedback from others to know who they are, I would say this is a weak leader. I said this would not describe me at all. In the next section, internalized moral perspective, Tobias (2011) states that this section measures an individual’s moral code and values. It also tells whether an individual has their own control or is controlled by others. I live by my own moral code and I do not allow other people to control how I act or react to situations. I believe this is a better way to live than to have someone else tell you what to do. Tobias (2011) states that the third category, balanced processing, measures critical thinking and the ability to take in information and make decisions after listening to other people’s opinions. Again, I think this is not a true measure of a person. I think it is better to stick to your own ideas, taking other people into consideration, but you must make the decision eventually. Welch and Welch (2012) say that being authentic shows that the individual is likable. I think this is true. People who are open and honest as far as they can be, are people who can be trusted. But, this is a perception and not necessarily a reality because it is based on how someone perceives someone else. Tobias (2011) states that he final section, relational transparency, measures how the leader communicates with others and expects that they will communicate openly and honestly. I scored a 10 on this section. I believe that I communicate well with others, but if I were leading a team, I would not reveal everything about myself to that team. I think that one can be authentic without telling all the details of their life. Implications of the Scores for M y Effectiveness as a Leader I do not think these scores really give an idea of how I would be as a leader. The scores are subjective, which means that I could change my mind about some of the scores and get a better score in the end. I think that these types of scores are like taking any personality quiz or romance quiz that one can find on the Internet. Nothouse (2013) states that this test has not had enough empirical evidence to show that it is valid. I would not take this test seriously if I wanted to know how I would be as

Psychedelia and Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychedelia and Vietnam - Essay Example In this way one considers that the narrator in the song speaks about having to avoid mortar shells. In great part the specific musical components contribute to this song’s message. In this way the guitar is low-key and thoroughly allows the vocals to shine through. Another prominent recognition is that Paxton’s voice is subdued, yet contains a significant degree of ethos, leading the listener to empathize with his message. Another prominent song with a war message is Johnny Wright’s ‘Hello Vietnam’. This song is less explicit in its criticism of the Vietnam War. While the song alludes to the arbitrary nature of the war, it is more concerned with articulating a story about a lost love going abroad to fight in the war. This seems to be the song’s most effective part. To an extent the song can even be interpreted as embracing the war. In this way the song speaks of American’s mission abroad and the importance of stopping communism before it becomes a larger problem. Specifically, the song implements a lyrical metaphor in comparing communism to a fire that must be put out or risk a larger problem. In terms of the specific musical components, to an extent one can argue that they interfere with the song’s message. The song adopts a lackadaisical country western musical approach that seems more concerned with the love story than conveying any sort of meaningful politi cal message. Finally, Sgt. Barry Sadler’s ‘Ballad of the Green Berets’ presents another perspective on war. While the first two songs made specific comments on the Vietnam War, this song instead constitutes a firm embracement of American military values. In this way, as the title suggests, the song functions as a ballad for the Green Berets. To a large extent the Green Berets are presented as heroic and brave individuals. While the song lacks a political message, this may actually be its strongest part;

Problems addressed by supply chain management

Problems addressed by supply chain management Problems addressed by supply chain management Supply chain management must address the following problems: Distribution Network Configuration: number, location and network missions of suppliers, production facilities, distribution centers, warehouses, cross-docks and customers. Distribution Strategy: questions of operating control (centralized, decentralized or shared); delivery scheme, e.g.,direct shipment, pool point shipping,cross docking, DSD (direct store delivery), closed loop shipping; mode of transportation, e.g.,motor carrier, including truckload,LTL,parcel;railroad; intermodal transport, including TOFC (trailer on flatcar) and COFC (container on flatcar); ocean freight; airfreight; replenishment strategy (e.g., pull, push or hybrid); and transportation control (e.g., owner-operated,private carrier,common carrier, contract carrier, or3PL). Trade-Offs in Logistical Activities: The above activities must be well coordinated in order to achieve the lowest total logistics cost. Trade-offs may increase the total cost if only one of the activities is optimized. For example, full truckload (FTL) rates are more economical on a cost per pallet basis than less than truckload (LTL) shipments. If, however, a full truckload of a product is ordered to reduce transportation costs, there will be an increase in inventory holding costs which may increase total logistics costs. It is therefore imperative to take a systems approach when planning logistical activities. These trade-offs are key to developing the most efficient and effective Logistics and SCM strategy. Information: Integration of processes through the supply chain to share valuable information, including demand signals, forecasts, inventory, transportation, potential collaboration, etc. Inventory Management: Quantity and location of inventory, including raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP) and finished goods. Cash-Flow: Arranging the payment terms and methodologies for exchanging funds across entities within the supply chain. Supply chain execution means managing and coordinating the movement of materials, information and funds across the supply chain. The flow is bi-directional. Activities/functions Supply chain management is a cross-function approach including managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end-consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they reduce their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and the velo city of inventory movement. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries.SCORis a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Council. Another model is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels . The CSCMP has adopted The American Productivity Quality Center (APQC) Process Classification FrameworkSMa high-level, industry-neutral enterprise process model that allows organizations to see their business processes from a cross-industry viewpoint. Strategic level Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehousing,distribution centers, and facilities. Strategic partnershipswith suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such ascross docking, direct shipping, andthird-party logistics. Product life cycle management, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain and capacity management activities. Information technologychain operations. Where-to-make andmake-buy decisions. Aligning overall organizational strategy with supply strategy. It is for long term and needs resource commitment. Tactical level Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. Production decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and planning process definition. Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. Benchmarkingof all operations against competitors and implementation ofbest practicesthroughout the enterprise. Milestone payments. Focus on customer demand and Habits. Operational level Daily production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities, warehousing and transportation to customers. Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. From production level to supply level accounting all transit damage cases arrange to settlement at customer level by maintaining company loss through insurance company. Importance of supply chain management Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or networks, to compete in the global market and networked economy.[7]In Peter Druckers (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies. During the past decades, globalization, outsourcing andinformation technologyhave enabled many organizations, such asDellandHewlett Packard, to successfully operate solid collaborative supply networks in which each specialized business partner focuses on only a few key strategic activities (Scott, 1993). This inter-organizational supply network can be acknowledged as a new form of organization. However, with the complicated interactions among the players, the network structure fits neither market nor hierarchy categories (Powell, 1990). It is not clear what kind of performance impacts different supply network structures could have on firms, and little is known about the coordination conditions and trade-offs that may exist among the players. From a systems perspective, a complex network structure can be decomposed into individual component firms (Zhang and Dilts, 2004). Traditionally, companies in a supply network concentrate on the inputs and outputs of the processes, with little co ncern for the internal management working of other individual players. Therefore, the choice of an internal management control structure is known to impact local firm performance (Mintzberg, 1979). In the 21st century, changes in the business environment have contributed to the development of supply chain networks. First, as an outcome of globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies, joint ventures, strategic alliances and business partnerships, significant success factors were identified, complementing the earlier Just-In-Time, Lean Manufacturing and Agile Manufacturing practices.[8]Second, technological changes, particularly the dramatic fall in information communication costs, which are a significant component of transaction costs, have led to changes in coordination among the members of the supply chain network (Coase, 1998). Many researchers have recognized these kinds of supply network structures as a new organization form, using terms such as Keiretsu, Extended Enterprise, Virtual Corporation, Global Production Network, and Next Generation Manufacturing System.[9]In general, such a structure can be defined as a group of semi-independent organizations, each with their capabilities, which collaborate in ever-changing constellations to serve one or more markets in order to achieve some business goal specific to that collaboration (Akkermans, 2001). The security management system for supply chains is described in ISO/IEC 28000 and ISO/IEC 28001 and related standards published jointly by ISOandIEC. Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The termsupply chain managementwas first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century, especially with the creation of the assembly line. The characteristics of this era of supply chain management include the need for large-scale changes, re-engineering, downsizing driven by cost reduction programs, and widespread attention to the Japanese practice of management. 2. integration era This era of supply chain management studies was highlighted with the development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the 1960s and developed through the 1990s by the introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This era has continued to develop into the 21st century with the expansion of internet-based collaborative systems. This era of supply chain evolution is characterized by both increasing value-adding and cost reductions through integration. In fact a supply chain can be classified as a Stage 1, 2 or 3 network. In stage 1 type supply chain, various systems such as Make, Storage, Distribution, Material control, etc are not linked and are independent of each other. In a stage 2 supply chain, these are integrated under one plan and is ERP enabled. A stage 3 supply chain is one in which vertical integration with the suppliers in upstream direction and customers in downstream direction is achieved. An example of this kind of supply chain is Tesco. 3. globalization era The third movement of supply chain management development, the globalization era, can be characterized by the attention given to global systems of supplier relationships and the expansion of supply chains over national boundaries and into other continents. Although the use of global sources in the supply chain of organizations can be traced back several decades (e.g., in the oil industry), it was not until the late 1980s that a considerable number of organizations started to integrate global sources into their core business. This era is characterized by the globalization of supply chain management in organizations with the goal of increasing their competitive advantage, value-adding, and reducing costs through global sourcing. 4. specialization eraà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬phase one: outsourced manufacturing and distribution In the 1990s, industries began to focus on â€Å"core competencies† and adopted a specialization model. Companies abandoned vertical integration, sold off non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies. This changed management requirements by extending the supply chain well beyond company walls and distributing management across specialized supply chain partnerships. This transition also re-focused the fundamental perspectives of each respective organization. OEMs became brand owners that needed deep visibility into their supply base. They had to control the entire supply chain from above instead of from within. Contract manufacturers had to manage bills of material with different part numbering schemes from multiple OEMs and support customer requests for work -in-process visibility and vendor-managed inventory (VMI). The specialization model creates manufacturing and distribution networks composed of multiple, individual supply chains specific to products, suppliers, and customers who work together to design, manufacture, distribute, market, sell, and service a product. The set of partners may change according to a given market, region, or channel, resulting in a proliferation of trading partner environments, each with its own unique characteristics and demands. 5. specialization eraà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬phase two: supply chain management as a service Specialization within the supply chain began in the 1980s with the inception of transportation brokerages, warehouse management, and non-asset-based carriers and has matured beyond transportation and logistics into aspects of supply planning, collaboration, execution and performance management. At any given moment, market forces could demand changes from suppliers, logistics providers, locations and customers, and from any number of these specialized participants as components of supply chain networks. This variability has significant effects on the supply chain infrastructure, from the foundation layers of establishing and managing the electronic communication between the trading partners to more complex requirements including the configuration of the processes and work flows that are essential to the management of the network itself. Supply chain specialization enables companies to improve their overall competencies in the same way that outsourced manufacturing and distribution has done; it allows them to focus on their core competencies and assemble networks of specific, best-in-class partners to contribute to the overall value chain itself, thereby increasing overall performance and efficiency. The ability to quickly obtain and deploy this domain-specific supply chain expertise without developing and maintaining an entirely unique and complex competency in house is the leading reason why supply chain specialization is gaining popularity. Outsourced technology hosting for supply chain solutions debuted in the late 1990s and has taken root primarily in transportation and collaboration categories. This has progressed from the Application Service Provider (ASP) model from approximately 1998 through 2003 to the On-Demand model from approximately 2003-2006 to the Software as a Service (SaaS) model currently in focus today. 6. supply chain management 2.0 (SCM 2.0) Building on globalization and specialization, the term SCM 2.0 has been coined to describe both the changes within the supply chain itself as well as the evolution of the processes, methods and tools that manage it in this new era. Web 2.0 is defined as a trend in the use of the World Wide Web that is meant to increase creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users. At its core, the common attribute that Web 2.0 brings is to help navigate the vast amount of information available on the Web in order to find what is being sought. It is the notion of a usable pathway. SCM 2.0 follows this notion into supply chain operations. It is the pathway to SCM results, a combination of the processes, methodologies, tools and delivery options to guide companies to their results quickly as the complexity and speed of the supply chain increase due to the effects of global competition, rapid price fluctuations, surging oil prices, short product life cycles, expanded specialization, near-/far- and off-shoring, and talent scarcity. SCM 2.0 leverages proven solutions designed to rapidly deliver results with the agility to quickly manage future change for continuous flexibility, value and success. This is delivered through competency networks composed of best-of-breed supply chain domain expertise to understand which elements, both operationally and organizationally, are the critical few that deliver the results as well as through intimate understanding of how to manage these elements to achieve desired results. Finally, the solutions are delivered in a variety of options, such as no-touch via business process outsourcing, mid-touch via managed services and software as a service (SaaS), or high touch in the traditional software deployment model. Supply chain business process integration Successful SCM requires a change from managing individual functions to integrating activities into key supply chain processes. An example scenario: the purchasing department places orders as requirements become known. The marketing department, responding to customer demand, communicates with several distributors and retailers as it attempts to determine ways to satisfy this demand. Information shared between supply chain partners can only be fully leveraged throughprocess integration. Supply chain business process integration involves collaborative work between buyers and suppliers, joint product development, common systems and shared information. According to Lambert and Cooper (2000), operating an integrated supply chain requires a continuous information flow. However, in many companies, management has reached the conclusion that optimizing the product flows cannot be accomplished without implementing a process approach to the business. The key supply chain processes stated by Lambert (2004)[10]are: Customer relationship management Customer service management Demand management Order fulfillment Manufacturing flow management Supplier relationship management Product development and commercialization Returns management Much has been written about demand management. Best-in-Class companies have similar characteristics, which include the following: a) Internal and external collaboration b) Lead time reduction initiatives c) Tighter feedback from customer and market demand d) Customer level forecasting One could suggest other key critical supply business processes which combine these processes stated by Lambert such as: Customerservice management Procurement Product development and commercialization Manufacturing flow management/support Physical distribution Outsourcing/partnerships Performance measurement a) Customerservice managementprocess Customer Relationship Management concerns the relationship between the organization and its customers. Customer service is the source of customer information. It also provides the customer with real-time information on scheduling and product availability through interfaces with the companys production and distribution operations. Successful organizations use the following steps to build customer relationships: determine mutually satisfying goals for organization and customers establish and maintain customer rapport produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers b) Procurement process Strategic plans are drawn up with suppliers to support the manufacturing flow management process and the development of new products. In firms where operations extend globally, sourcing should be managed on a global basis. The desired outcome is a win-win relationship where both parties benefit, and a reduction in time required for the design cycle and product development. Also, the purchasing function develops rapid communication systems, such aselectronic data interchange(EDI) and Internet linkage to convey possible requirements more rapidly. Activities related to obtaining products and materials from outside suppliers involve resource planning, supply sourcing, negotiation, order placement, inbound transportation, storage, handling andquality assurance, many of which include the responsibility to coordinate with suppliers on matters of scheduling, supply continuity, hedging, and research into new sources or programs. c) Product development and commercialization Here, customers and suppliers must be integrated into the product development process in order to reduce time to market. As product life cycles shorten, the appropriate products must be developed and successfully launched with ever shorter time-schedules to remain competitive. According to Lambert and Cooper (2000), managers of the product development and commercialization process must: coordinate with customer relationship management to identify customer-articulated needs; select materials and suppliers in conjunction with procurement, and develop production technology in manufacturing flow to manufacture and integrate into the best supply chain flow for the product/market combination. d) Manufacturing flow management process The manufacturing process produces and supplies products to the distribution channels based on past forecasts. Manufacturing processes must be flexible to respond to market changes and must accommodate mass customization. Orders are processes operating on a just-in-time (JIT) basis in minimum lot sizes. Also, changes in the manufacturing flow process lead to shorter cycle times, meaning improved responsiveness and efficiency in meeting customer demand. Activities related to planning, scheduling and supporting manufacturing operations, such as work-in-process storage, handling, transportation, and time phasing of components, inventory at manufacturing sites and maximum flexibility in the coordination of geographic and final assemblies postponement of physical distribution operations. e) Physical distribution This concerns movement of a finished product/service to customers. In physical distribution, the customer is the final destination of a marketing channel, and the availability of the product/service is a vital part of each channel participants marketing effort. It is also through the physical distribution process that the time and space of customer service become an integral part of marketing, thus it links a marketing channel with its customers (e.g., links manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers). f) Outsourcing/partnerships This is not just outsourcing the procurement of materials and components, but also outsourcing of services that traditionally have been provided in-house. The logic of this trend is that the company will increasingly focus on those activities in the value chain where it has a distinctive advantage, and outsource everything else. This movement has been particularly evident inlogisticswhere the provision of transport, warehousing and inventory control is increasingly subcontracted to specialists or logistics partners. Also, managing and controlling this network of partners and suppliers requires a blend of both central and local involvement. Hence, strategic decisions need to be taken centrally, with the monitoring and control of supplier performance and day-to-day liaison with logistics partners being best managed at a local level. g) Performance measurement Experts found a strong relationship from the largest arcs of supplier and customer integration to market share and profitability. Taking advantage of supplier capabilities and emphasizing a long-term supply chain perspective in customer relationships can both be correlated with firm performance. As logistics competency becomes a more critical factor in creating and maintaining competitive advantage, logistics measurement becomes increasingly important because the difference between profitable and unprofitable operations becomes more narrow. A.T. Kearney Consultants (1985) noted that firms engaging in comprehensive performance measurement realized improvements in overall productivity. According to experts, internal measures are generally collected and analyzed by the firm including Cost Customer Service Productivity measures Asset measurement, and Quality. External performance measurement is examined through customer perception measures and best practice benchmarking, and includes 1) customer perception measurement, and 2) best practice benchmarking. h)Warehousing management: As a case of reducing company cost expenses, warehousing management is carrying the valuable role against operations. In case of perfect storing office with all convenient facilities in company level, reducing manpower cost, dispatching authority with on time delivery, loading unloading facilities with proper area, area for service station, stock management system etc. Components of supply chain management are as follows: 1. Standardization 2. Postponement 3. Customization Theories of supply chain management Currently there is a gap in the literature available on supply chain management studies: there is no theoretical support for explaining the existence and the boundaries of supply chain management. A few authors such as Halldorsson, et al. (2003), Ketchen and Hult (2006) and Lavassani, et al. (2009) have tried to provide theoretical foundations for different areas related to supply chain by employing organizational theories. These theories include: Resource-Based View (RBV) Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA) Knowledge-Based View (KBV) Strategic Choice Theory (SCT) Agency Theory (AT) Institutional theory (InT) Systems Theory (ST) Network Perspective (NP) Materials Logistics Management (MLM) Just-in-Time(JIT) Material Requirements Planning(MRP) Theory of Constraints(TOC) Total Quality Management(TQM) Agile Manufacturing Time Based Competition (TBC) Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) Customer Relationship Management(CRM) and many more , Supply chain centroids Tax efficient supply chain management Tax Efficient Supply Chain Managementis a business model which consider the effect ofTaxin design and implementation of supply chain management. This is different in the context of an international issue as businesses which is cross-nation pay different tax rates in different countries. Due to the differences, global players have the opportunity to calculate and optimize supply chain based on tax efficiencylegally. This is one method of gaining more profit for companies in the international trade, i.e. within the parameter of a global supply chain. Supply chain sustainability Supply chain sustainabilityis a business issue affecting an organizations supply chain or logistics network and is frequently quantified by comparison with SECH ratings. SECH ratings are defined associal, ethical, cultural and healthfootprints. Consumers have become more aware of the environmental impact of their purchases and companies SECH ratings and, along with non-governmental organizations ([NGO]s), are setting the agenda for transitions to organically-grown foods, anti-sweatshop labor codes and locally-produced goods that support independent and small businesses. Because supply chains frequently account for over 75% of a companyscarbon footprint[14]many organizations are exploring how they can reduce this and thus improve their SECH rating. For example, in July, 2009 the U.S. basedWal-Martcorporation announced its intentions to create a globalsustainabilityindex that would rate products according to the environmental and social impact made while the products were manufactured and distributed. The sustainability rating index is intended to create environmental accountability in Wal-Marts supply chain, and provide the motivation andinfrastructurefor other retail industry companies to do the same. Components of supply chain management integration The management components of SCM The SCM components are the third element of the four-square circulation framework. The level of integration and management of a business process link is a function of the number and level, ranging from low to high, of components added to the link (Ellram and Cooper, 1990; Houlihan, 1985). Consequently, adding more management components or increasing the level of each component can increase the level of integration of the business process link. The literature on business process re-engineering,buyer-supplier relationships,and SCMsuggests various possible components that must receive managerial attention when managing supply relationships. Lambert and Cooper (2000) identified the following components: Planning and control Work structure Organization structure Product flow facility structure Information flow facility structure Management methods Power and leadership structure Risk and reward structure Culture and attitude However, a more careful examination of the existing literature[19]leads to a more comprehensive understanding of what should be the key critical supply chain components, the branches of the previous identified supply chain business processes, that is, what kind of relationship the components may have that are related to suppliers and customers. Bowersox and Closs states that the emphasis on cooperation represents the synergism leading to the highest level of joint achievement (Bowersox and Closs, 1996). A primary level channel participant is a business that is willing to participate in the inventory ownership responsibility or assume other aspects of financial risk, thus including primary level components (Bowersox and Closs, 1996). A secondary level participant (specialized) is a business that participates in channel relationships by performing essential services for primary participants, including secondary level components, which support primary participants. Third level channel p articipants and components that support the primary level channel participants and are the fundamental branches of the secondary level components may also be included. Consequently, Lambert and Coopers framework of supply chain components does not lead to any conclusion about what are the primary or secondary (specialized) level supply chain components (see Bowersox and Closs, 1996, p.93). That i

Movie Review :: essays research papers

Michelle hears some noises in the house, after a while see finds out that its a missing girl, the girl is trying to get revenge for her death. First off, I would like to say that Michelle Phieffer is great in this movie; she carries her character strongly from start to finish. And unfortunately The movie opens with Pfeiffer and Ford taking their daughter to college, thus leaving them alone in their house for the first time since they were married. The daughter is actually the product of Pfeiffer's first marriage to a musician who now dead (by what means I can't remember, nor does it matter). Ford is a successful research scientist at a university in New England as was his even more famous father. He is on the verge of finishing a major paper, which requires him to spend endless hours at the office, leaving Pfeiffer alone in their vast home. It is a mystery, as a bored Pfeiffer spies on her new neighbors, a troubled couple who fight a lot. Around the same time that the next-door wife seemingly disappears, Pfeiffer starts experiencing poltergeist-like activity in her house. Doors won't stay shut, photos fall from ledges, and finally she starts seeing the image of a pretty blonde woman in reflections in fogged-up mirror and in the water of a full bathtub. Pfeiffer and Ford have a good and believable chemistry, and there are some genuine thrills generated when Pfeiffer is alone in the house. Anyway, eventually Pfeiffer discovers that in fact the next-door neighbor’s wife is alive and well. Except for one small thing, the blonde ghost is still causing trouble in the house. Pfeiffer begins to see a psychiatrist (the always reliable Joe Morton), believing that maybe she's suffering from some kind of empty-nest syndrome, but she soon realizes that the ghost is real and she sets out to find out who she is and why she's bugging her. Conclusion As Hatchet Harry said the story starts out with Pfeiffer's daughter from a previous marriage going off to college. She's dealing with the whole empty-nest syndrome, when the new neighbors next door start fighting, and the wife disappears. Pfeiffer is convinced that he's murdered her and starts spying on the husband who is now living alone in the house. Shortly after strange things start happening around the Pfeiffer-Ford house. You know, your usual haunting type activities like doors opening on their own, pictures falling off tables, radios switching on at full blast, bathtubs filling by themselves, yadda, yadda, yadda. Movie Review :: essays research papers Michelle hears some noises in the house, after a while see finds out that its a missing girl, the girl is trying to get revenge for her death. First off, I would like to say that Michelle Phieffer is great in this movie; she carries her character strongly from start to finish. And unfortunately The movie opens with Pfeiffer and Ford taking their daughter to college, thus leaving them alone in their house for the first time since they were married. The daughter is actually the product of Pfeiffer's first marriage to a musician who now dead (by what means I can't remember, nor does it matter). Ford is a successful research scientist at a university in New England as was his even more famous father. He is on the verge of finishing a major paper, which requires him to spend endless hours at the office, leaving Pfeiffer alone in their vast home. It is a mystery, as a bored Pfeiffer spies on her new neighbors, a troubled couple who fight a lot. Around the same time that the next-door wife seemingly disappears, Pfeiffer starts experiencing poltergeist-like activity in her house. Doors won't stay shut, photos fall from ledges, and finally she starts seeing the image of a pretty blonde woman in reflections in fogged-up mirror and in the water of a full bathtub. Pfeiffer and Ford have a good and believable chemistry, and there are some genuine thrills generated when Pfeiffer is alone in the house. Anyway, eventually Pfeiffer discovers that in fact the next-door neighbor’s wife is alive and well. Except for one small thing, the blonde ghost is still causing trouble in the house. Pfeiffer begins to see a psychiatrist (the always reliable Joe Morton), believing that maybe she's suffering from some kind of empty-nest syndrome, but she soon realizes that the ghost is real and she sets out to find out who she is and why she's bugging her. Conclusion As Hatchet Harry said the story starts out with Pfeiffer's daughter from a previous marriage going off to college. She's dealing with the whole empty-nest syndrome, when the new neighbors next door start fighting, and the wife disappears. Pfeiffer is convinced that he's murdered her and starts spying on the husband who is now living alone in the house. Shortly after strange things start happening around the Pfeiffer-Ford house. You know, your usual haunting type activities like doors opening on their own, pictures falling off tables, radios switching on at full blast, bathtubs filling by themselves, yadda, yadda, yadda.

Chinese dream and my dream Essay

â€Å"There would be no new China without the Communist Party†, I’ve heard of this saying since I was a little child. From then on, the Communist Party has left a deep and giant impression on me. China makes great progress under the leadership of the Communist Party which has always been the belief of China. I’ve been told that it would be a great honor to be a party member. So now I am a party member and the Chinese belief becomes my genuine belief. However, as growing up, I begin to wonder whether all the party members can regard the Communist party as their belief all the time and whether they are doing the things the party member should do. The answer is so disappointed. The power of Chinese belief and the awareness of Chinese people of supporting the belief are becoming weaker and weaker. China needs a firm and strong advocate of the belief. Many people can establish the belief of becoming a party member, but they can’t follow their original belief all the lifetime. Gradually they lose themselves in the debauchery lives and they forget what they have said under the flag. Other people without party affiliation are harder to see their own belief clearly. A nation without definite belief is lamentable and horrible because it can be easily destroyed by the outside rumor. Chinese dream of need a power to hold the belief is the same as my dream. We are facing the similar situation. It is easy for me to set up a goal, but I can’t carry out the goal from beginning to end. Sometimes the obstacles or the outside environment make me give up the goal. I lack the perseverance. I lack the power to hold the goal. I’ m a member of the Communist Party, but I’m not true of the name for the reason I’ve mentioned above. After many years, I’ m afraid of becoming the kind of person I disliked before. I’ m afraid of losing myself in the busy world. I’ m afraid of forget all the dream and belief made when I was young. I really need the power to help me hold the belief. China is developing and I’ m growing. We all share the same dream. China needs the citizens to awaken themselves and I need the self-awakening. The glamour of the surface must be very vulnerable. We should be tested by the time. Only holding the belief all the time can we go further towards the success. Chinese dream is my dream. Hoping the dream comes true.

Free Essays on Personal Happiness

Everyone's goal in life has and always will be the pursuit of personal happiness. In fact, the United States constitution guarantees its citizens this right. The downfall of this fact is that not every person achieves this goal. Through certain works of literature such as Ethan Frome, Madame Bovary, and The Bet, this idea will be shown. One great example of an individual searching for happiness in his life is in the story of Ethan Frome. Ethan is the type of person who needs companionship and direct love to be happy. Even though companionship makes him feel secure, in this partnership he desperately needs a strong base backed by interaction with the one he loves. At a young age Ethan found what he thought was a woman who would make him happy. Her name was Zeena and she was seemingly pleasant, but her desires would prove not to be satisfied in a life spent with Ethan. As years went by she lost interest in him and her attitude around him kept him from being happy. Ethan soon meets Mattie,a younger, more attractive woman than Zeena. He becomes attached to Mattie and gains deep feelings for her, but his conscience tells him leaving Zeena would be wrong. Due to his good morals and his unwillingness to abandon Zeena, he is trapped in an unhappy life that seems to keep cornering him. Some people pursue happiness in a temporary love that will eventually fade and leave the two involved miserable. Ethan looked for happiness in a relationship that was exciting for awhile, but had the tendencies of losing its flavor. In the story Madame Bovary, Emma and her husband, Charles, conflict in their marriage. Emma needed someone to keep her excited and to fit all her needs. Charles was to relaxed to endure all the exotic fantasies she wanted to experience in her life. Aside from Ethan, Emma did not practice morals and she did not... Free Essays on Personal Happiness Free Essays on Personal Happiness Everyone's goal in life has and always will be the pursuit of personal happiness. In fact, the United States constitution guarantees its citizens this right. The downfall of this fact is that not every person achieves this goal. Through certain works of literature such as Ethan Frome, Madame Bovary, and The Bet, this idea will be shown. One great example of an individual searching for happiness in his life is in the story of Ethan Frome. Ethan is the type of person who needs companionship and direct love to be happy. Even though companionship makes him feel secure, in this partnership he desperately needs a strong base backed by interaction with the one he loves. At a young age Ethan found what he thought was a woman who would make him happy. Her name was Zeena and she was seemingly pleasant, but her desires would prove not to be satisfied in a life spent with Ethan. As years went by she lost interest in him and her attitude around him kept him from being happy. Ethan soon meets Mattie,a younger, more attractive woman than Zeena. He becomes attached to Mattie and gains deep feelings for her, but his conscience tells him leaving Zeena would be wrong. Due to his good morals and his unwillingness to abandon Zeena, he is trapped in an unhappy life that seems to keep cornering him. Some people pursue happiness in a temporary love that will eventually fade and leave the two involved miserable. Ethan looked for happiness in a relationship that was exciting for awhile, but had the tendencies of losing its flavor. In the story Madame Bovary, Emma and her husband, Charles, conflict in their marriage. Emma needed someone to keep her excited and to fit all her needs. Charles was to relaxed to endure all the exotic fantasies she wanted to experience in her life. Aside from Ethan, Emma did not practice morals and she did not...

Australian Government essays

Australian Government essays The most important objective for Australia is that we must generate wealth, but also to share it equally. If we become a society which is wealthy but very unfair, the gap between the rich and poor will grow to mammoth proportions. It is well established that an economic imbalance in society leads to social consequences which are economically and socially draining on society. In the 21st century its wise to devise economic and social policies which ensure a productive society is fair, this is what the labour party hopes to achieve. Governments, as the elected economic and social representatives of the people, are responsible for determining and pursuing the economic and social objectives of the nation. To effectively accomplish this, governments rely on macroeconomic policies such as fiscal policies, monetary policies and prices and income policies which all aim to achieve a state of internal and external balance within the nations economy. This internal balance can be defined as a rate of economic growth which is compatible with full employment and minimal inflation.# Whilst its counterpart, external balance, can be defined as a situation where a nation can meet its financial obligations to the rest of the world at the same time as maintaining its currency with a stable international value which reflects the economic performance of the economy.# Based on these tactics for dictating the economy, the upcoming election can be taken into view. Whilst at this stage, the popularity polls dictate that it is to early and to close to call as to who will win, it is the firm belief of this correspondent that the Labour party is by far the superior candidate and will take victory in the next election. When looking at fiscal and monetary policies of both Liberal and Labour parties, the primary difference can be seen in their stance on Health, Education, Industrial relations, Privatization and foreign affairs (to an extent) and general ...

The Character of Genji in THE TALE OF GENJI Essay

The Character of Genji in THE TALE OF GENJI - Essay Example For political reason, Hikaru is shown demoted to a status of a commoner. He attains the title with the surname Minamoto and starts his career as an Imperial Officer. Analysis of the character of Genji would not be similar to that of the other protagonists of the general novel - classical or modern. The novel is presented in a psychological paradigm therefore; the character presentation or the trajectory of the character development of the novel must be represented or drawn in psychological realm. A close introspection to the character of Genji will launch its readers to a realm pretty much different from the apparent representation of the character, just mundane to the Japanese chronicle. The trajectory of the character development for Genji appears to its readers with a broad spectrum. The positive and the negative aspect and both with the extreme appeal are well synchronised and presented elaborately within a single character representation. The fall and rise of the character in literature is evident and the character of Genji in this regard is not an exception either. But the rise or the development of the character of Genji is well coordinated and framed psychologically. The maturity noticed in the character of Genji and his maturity is shown with due time crafted out logic and it does not appear all of a sudden in front of its readers. The events and the course of incidents with due time makes Genji more matured and helps the reader along with the protagonist himself to have a wider and a broader perspective of world with a more edged and matured world view. During the initial years of Genji, he was noticed as an impulsive and emotional masculine with strength, courage and valour. But with due time, Genji was shown to be grown up as a matured male who keeps the capacity to balance his personal life with that of the professional. With tremendous display of the strength of character, he shows the

What Caused the Bubble and Bust in the US Mortgage Market Term Paper

What Caused the Bubble and Bust in the US Mortgage Market - Term Paper Example Introduction In the year of 2007, the world witnessed an economic crisis of a magnitude unimaginable in today’s sophisticated times withal its detailed planning, theories and innovations. Some compared it to the Great Depression of 1930s. It began with the crashing of the US Mortgage Market that is one of the most active sectors in the US economy. Gradually, it spread to the financial of many other countries and in 2008 one of the biggest investment banks in UK, the Lehman Brothers, crashed. Though the crisis affected the financial sector resulting in problems pertaining to banking, it soon got transmitted to the real sector through a fall in employment and output. The ultimate effect was an economic slowdown. (Muller, 2010, p.1) In this research, we will analyze the factors that led to the crash of the US Mortgage Market and contributed to a large-scale financial crisis. The US Mortgage Market To identify the factors responsible for the bursting of the bubble in the US Housin g sector, its structure and mechanism has to be studied in detail. General structure The US mortgage market has been one of the oldest sectors in the US economy. ... As a result, of securitization, the banks, now, did not have to wait till the maturity of loans since they have already been bundled and sold off to investors in return for its monetary value. Consequently, lending of credit increased earnings per share increased and the dividend to shareholders and corporate increased as well. Loans were bundled as per the requirement of the investors and sold to the one offering the best rate of interest. Soon, the primary sector banks and S&L were completely driven out from taking part directly in the mortgage market. It was, now, ruled by the secondary sector organizations, investment and mortgage banks. These banks formed a circular system with no lender of last resort like the FED or government bank and S&L. (Kim, 2010, p.139) Mechanism of the Bursting of Bubble in the Housing sector The secondary sector banks engaged in mutual securitization and purchase of one another’s loans. Also, due to lack of regulatory measures in the market, inf ormation about borrowers was either not verified or it was foreclosed, in the greed of making more profits and expanding. This resulted in an increase in the number of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs). The effect of each NPA on the mortgage market was magnified due the large number of layers created and it corroded the credit base. Finally, as the negative effect from these NPAs outweighed the overall wealth of these organizations, the entire mortgage market collapsed. Thus, the banks in the financial sector suffered severe losses and people withdrew their money from these banks. In 2007, two hedge funds, the High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Fund and the High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced